2. How to Estimate Errors

How does one actually give a numerical value for the error in a measurement? The answer to this question is in this chapter. As you will see, giving an error estimate for simple measurements is easy. The chapter consists of five sections:

• 2.1. Errors when Reading Scales
• 2.2. Errors of Digital Instruments
• 2.3. Standard Deviation
• 2.4. Histograms
• 2.5. Exercises